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Linux常用命令总结

发表于 2022/04/12 更新于 2023/03/29
作者 Olimi
阅读量: 6 分钟阅读

参考API网址：Linux 命令大全

Linux资源配置

查看

汇总

查看系统配置，汇总信息CPU、内存、硬盘、网络等等：

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sudo lshw | grep less
输出：
olimi-pc                    
    description: Computer
    width: 64 bits
    capabilities: smp vsyscall32
  *-core
       description: Motherboard
       physical id: 0
     *-memory
          description: System memory
          physical id: 1
          size: 12GiB
     *-cpu
          product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7300HQ CPU @ 2.50GHz
          vendor: Intel Corp.
          physical id: 2
          bus info: cpu@0
          width: 64 bits
          capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves md_clear flush_l1d arch_capabilities
     *-display
          description: 3D controller
          product: Microsoft Corporation
          vendor: Microsoft Corporation
          physical id: 0
          bus info: pci@cd21:00:00.0
          version: 00
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
          capabilities: bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=dxgkrnl latency=0
          resources: irq:0
     *-scsi
          physical id: 3
          logical name: scsi0
        *-disk:0
             description: EXT4 volume
             product: Virtual Disk
             vendor: Linux
             physical id: 0.0.0
             bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
             logical name: /dev/sda
             version: 1.0
             serial: 3255683f-53a2-4fdf-91cf-b4c1041e2a62
             size: 256GiB
             capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
             configuration: ansiversion=5 created=2019-04-11 00:35:05 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/swap logicalsectorsize=512 modified=2022-04-10 11:06:59 mounted=2022-04-10 11:06:59 sectorsize=4096 state=clean
        *-disk:1
             description: EXT4 volume
             product: Virtual Disk
             vendor: Linux
             physical id: 0.0.1
             bus info: scsi@0:0.0.1
             logical name: /dev/sdb
             logical name: /
             version: 1.0
             serial: 3255683f-53a2-4fdf-91cf-b4c1041e2a62
             size: 256GiB
             capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
             configuration: ansiversion=5 created=2019-04-11 00:35:05 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/distros logicalsectorsize=512 modified=2022-04-10 11:07:01 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,discard,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2022-04-10 11:07:01 sectorsize=4096 state=mounted
  *-network:0 DISABLED
       description: Ethernet interface
       physical id: 1
       logical name: bond0
       serial: 6e:14:5b:8f:54:0e
       capabilities: ethernet physical
       configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=bonding driverversion=5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WS firmware=2 link=no master=yes multicast=yes
  *-network:1 DISABLED
       description: Ethernet interface
       physical id: 2
       logical name: dummy0
       serial: ea:b4:ca:e1:ed:db
       capabilities: ethernet physical
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=dummy driverversion=5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WS
  *-network:2
       description: Ethernet interface
       physical id: 3
       logical name: eth0
       serial: 00:15:5d:08:47:9a
       size: 10Gbit/s
       capabilities: ethernet physical
       configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=hv_netvsc driverversion=5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WS duplex=full firmware=N/A ip=192.168.33.43 link=yes multicast=yes speed=10Gbit/s

信息显示太多，可以单独只输出某个部分，比如：

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$ sudo lshw -c cpu -c memory
  *-memory                  
       description: System memory
       physical id: 1
       size: 12GiB
  *-cpu
       product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7300HQ CPU @ 2.50GHz
       vendor: Intel Corp.
       physical id: 2
       bus info: cpu@0
       width: 64 bits
       capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves md_clear flush_l1d arch_capabilities

CPU

单独的一些查看，CPU(静态信息):

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cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model\ name

内存

内存Memory(动态信息)：

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$ free -mh
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            12G        263M         12G         64K         74M         11G
Swap:          4.0G        241M        3.8G

free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system

硬盘

查看硬盘信息(动态)：

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$ df -lh   
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb        251G  8.7G  230G   4% /
tmpfs           6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /mnt/wsl
tools           118G   61G   57G  52% /init
none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /dev
none            6.2G  8.0K  6.2G   1% /run
none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/lock
none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/shm
none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user
tmpfs           6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
drivers         118G   61G   57G  52% /usr/lib/wsl/drivers
lib             118G   61G   57G  52% /usr/lib/wsl/lib
# 我这是WSL

df - report file system disk space usage

显卡

显卡：

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$ lspci       
cd21:00:00.0 3D controller: Microsoft Corporation Device 008e
# 我这还是WSL

设置

虚拟内存

下面是Linux上设置虚拟内存的方式(在Linux中需要做的是设置交换文件，即swap)

  1. 执行“sudo swapon -s”命令，查看是否已经存在swap file

    如果第一步存在swapfile则需要先禁用

sudo swapoff /swapfile
  1. 修改swap 空间的大小为8G
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sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=8192
  1. 设置文件为“swap file”类型
sudo mkswap /swapfile
  1. 启用swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile

链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/e656bead51ee

注意(坑)：以上操作必须一起完成！！否则在swapoff了原本的swapfile之后会导致无法开机。因为系统没办法挂载原本的swapfile。如果中间没完成，记得重新把/swapfile挂载回去！

然后如果是使用WSL，配置方式：

添加文件.wslconfig，文件路径为 C:\Users\<UserName>\.wslconfig.文件内容：

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# Settings apply across all Linux distros running on WSL 2
[wsl2]

# Sets amount of swap storage space to 8GB, default is 25% of available RAM
swap=40GB

注意如果是动态修改不能更改swap位置，否则不能生效(这里跟上面linux同理，不能更改系统原本的swapfile文件，否则会导致系统损坏，或者不起效)。要更改swap位置，必须重装或新安装时就指定。

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Linux编程 总结
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